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American wire gauge (AWG)is a standardized wire gauge system used since 1857 predominantly in North America for the diameters of round, solid, nonferrous, electrically conducting wire. Dimensions of the wires are given in ASTM standard B 258. The cross-sectional area of each gauge is an important factor for determining its current-carrying capacity. Increasing gauge numbers denote decreasing wire diameters. That means the smaller the gauge number, the bigger the diameter.
Torque produced in an electric motor is proportional to the current (amps) it draws… more current (amps), more torque. That means you need thicker wire for more current. For the motor circuits it is common to use 12 AWG or 10 AWG wire depending on your electric current needs. Typical amp capacity listed below Ref
A good inexpensive source of wire is electric drier or range cords. Usually 6-8 AWG 3-4 wires per cord, 3+ feet long and easy to separate wires. They are often left on appliances when set out for trash